Poland

Monarchs of Poland

Piast dynasty

900’s-1370

• Mieszko I (c. 935-992), Duke of the Polans and the first historical ruler of Poland.
• Premislas II (1257-1296), Duke of Poznan, Greater Poland, Kraków and Pomerelia, and then King of Poland from 1295.

Line extinct 1370.

Anjou Dynasty
1370-1399

Louis the Great (1326-1382)  King of Poland

• Louis the Great (1326-1382), King of Hungary from 1342 and King of Poland from 1370.

Kings of Poland and Grand Dukes of Lithuania

Jagiellon Dynasty

1386-1572

Arms of Jagiellon Dynasty

Grand Dukes of Lithuania

• Wladyslaw II Jagiello, (1362-1434), 1377–1381 1382–1386 Supreme Duke of Lithuania 1386–1434, and King of Poland 1386–1434.

Casimir IV (1427-1492) King of Poland

• Casimir IV, (1427-1492), Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1440, and King of Poland from 1447. Knight of the Garter.

Sigismund I the Old (1467-1548), King of Poland

• Sigismund I the Old (1467-1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1506. Knight of the Golden Fleece.

Line extinct 1572.

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Henry III of France (1551-1589) King of Poland 

• Henry III of France, (1551-1589), King of France from 1574 to 1589, and as Henry of Valois, first elected King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1573 to 1574.

Stefan Batory (1533- 1586) King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

• Stefan Batory(1533- 1586), Prince of Transylvania ( 1571- 1575), King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1575- 1586) Married Anna Jagiellon (1523–1596), daughter of Poland's King Sigismund I the Old, elected King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, wife of Stefan Batory, was the last legitimate member of the Jagiellon dynasty.

House of Vasa
1587-1668

Sigismund III Vasa (1566 – 1632)

• Sigismund III Vasa (1566 – 1632) King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1587 to 1632, and King of Sweden from 1592 until he was deposed in 1599. Married firstly Anne of Austria (1573 – 1598) daughter of Charles II Francis of Austria, Archduke of Inner Austria and secondly Constance of Austria (1588 –1631) daughter of Charles II Francis of Austria, Archduke of Inner Austria (married the widower of her older sister).

Władysław IV (1595 –1648)

• Władysław IV (1595 –1648) King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. Elected Tsar of Russia in 1610, but did not assume the Russian throne. Married firstly Archduchess Cecilia Renata of Austria (1611 – 1644) daughter of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor and secondly Marie Louise Gonzaga (1611 – 1667) daughter of Charles I, Duke of Mantua.

John II Casimir (1609 –1668)

• John II Casimir (1609 –1668) King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. Married firstly his brother’s widow Marie Louise Gonzaga (1611 – 1667) daughter of Charles I, Duke of Mantua and secondly married morganatically Claudine Françoise Mignot (1624 – 1711)

Line extinct 1668

Michal Korybut Wisniowiecki ( 1640- 1673) King of Poland

• Michal Korybut Wisniowiecki, ( 1640- 1673), King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1669. Knight of the Golden Fleece. Married to Eleonora Maria of Austria (1653–1697) daughter of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
  

John III Sobieski (1629-1696) King of Poland

• John III Sobieski (1629-1696) King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1674. Knight of the Golden Fleece. Married Marie Casimire Louise de la Grange d'Arquien (1641–1716) daughter of Henri de la Grange, Marquis d'Arquien

Frederick Augustus II (1670-1733)  King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania 1697-1704 and again 1709-1733

• Frederick Augustus I  (1670-1733) Elector of Saxony 1694-1733, later King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania 1697-1704 and again 1709-1733 as Augustus II. Known as Augustus the Strong. Married Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (1671 – 1727) daughter of Christian Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth. Founder of The Order of the White Eagle in 1705.

• Stanislaw I Leszczynski (1677-1766), King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1704–1709 and 1733, Duke of Lorraine 1737–1766. Knight of the Holy Ghost. Married Countess Catherine Opalińska (1680–1747) daughter of Count Jan Karol Opaliński

Frederick Augustus II/III (1696- 1763) Elector of Saxony. King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania

• Frederick Augustus II (1696- 1763) Elector of Saxony from 1733, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1734 as Augustus III. Known as Augustus the Saxon or Augustus the Fat. Married Maria Josepha of Austria (1699 – 1757) daughter of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor.  Founder of the Military Order of Saint Henry in 1736.

• Stanislaw II August Poniatowski (1732-1798), last King and Grand Duke of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–95). Founder of the Order of Saint Stanislaus in 1765.

Poland partitioned three times; 1772,1793 and 1795 between Prussia, Austria and Russia and ceased to exist as a separate political entity until 1918.