Duke of Saxe-Altenburg after 1826 Simple Arms
Ernst I, "the Pious" (1601- 1675) Duke of Saxe-Gotha
- Ernst I, "the Pious" (1601- 1675) Duke of Saxe-Gotha and, by marriage, became also Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, sixth son of John II (1570 – 1605) Duke of Saxe-Weimar and Jena. The duchies were later merged into Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg from 1672. Ancestor of the dukes of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, of Saxe-Coburg, of Saxe-Meiningen, of Saxe-Römhild, of Saxe-Eisenberg, of Saxe-Hildburghausen, of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. Married Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg (1619 – 1680) daughter of Johann Philipp, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg. See Saxe-Weimar.
- Frederick I (1646 – 1691) Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, jointly with his brothers until 1680.
Sons of Ernst I, "the Pious" (1601- 1675) Duke of Saxe-Gotha:
- Frederick I (1646 – 1691) Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. See Saxe-Gotha
- Albrecht (1648-1699) Duke of Saxe-Coburg. See Saxe-Gotha
- Bernhard I (1649- 1706) Duke of Saxe-Meiningen. See Saxe-Meiningen.
- Henry (1650 – 1710) Duke of Saxe-Römhild. See Saxe-Meiningen.
- Christian (1653–1707) Duke of Saxe-Eisenberg. See Saxe-Meiningen.
- Ernst II (1655-1715) Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen. See below
- Johann Ernest IV (1658 – 1729) Duke of Saxe –Saalfeld and Duke of Saxe-Coburg. See Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen 1680 - 1826
Ernst II (1655-1715) Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen
- Ernst II (1655-1715) Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen, sixth son of Ernst I, "the Pious". Married Sophia Henriette of Waldeck (1662 –1702) daughter of Prince Georg Friedrich of Waldeck.
Ernest Frederick I (1681 – 1724) Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen
- Ernest Frederick I (1681 – 1724) Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen. Married Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach (1683 –1742) daughter of George Louis I, Count of Erbach-Erbach.
Ernst Frederick II (1707 – 1745) Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen
- Ernst Frederick II (1707 – 1745) Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen, Knight of the Golden Fleece. Knight of the Order of the White Eagle. Married Countess Caroline Amalie of Erbach-Fürstenau (1700 – 1758) Ordre de l’union parfaite daughter of Philipp Charles, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau and Michelstadt.
Ernst Frederick III (1727 – 1780) Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen
- Ernst Frederick III (1727 – 1780) Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen. Knight of the Order of the Elephant. Knight of the Ordre de l’union parfaite. Married firstly Louise of Denmark (1726–1756) Ordre de l’union parfaite daughter of the Christian VI, King of Denmark, secondly Christiane Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (1733 – 1757) daughter of Frederick Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth and thirdly Princess Ernestine of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1740 – 1786) daughter of Ernest August I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.
- Frederick (1763 – 1834) Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen until 1826, then Duke of Saxe-Altenburg. See below
Joseph (1702 –1787) Prince of Saxe-Hildburghausen
- Joseph (1702 –1787) Prince of Saxe-Hildburghausen, Prince-regent of Saxe-Hildburghausen 1769 to1787. Imperial Field Marshal and Knight of the Golden Fleece, younger son of Ernst II (1655-1715). Married Princess Maria Anna Victoria of Savoy (1683 – 1763) daughter of Prince Louis Thomas of Savoy, Count of Soissons.
Duke of Saxe-Altenburg 1826 - 1918
Frederick (1763 – 1834) Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen then Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
- Frederick (1763 – 1834) Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen until 1826, then Duke of Saxe-Altenburg. Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle. Knight of the Order of St Hubertus. Founder and Joint Grandmaster of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order Bernhard II Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and Duke Ernst I of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Married Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1769 – 1818) daughter of Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg.
Joseph (1789 – 1868) Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
- Joseph (1789 – 1868) Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, abdicated in 1848. Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle. Knight of the Order of St Hubertus. Knight of the Order of the White Falcon. Joint Grandmaster of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order. Married Amalie of Württemberg (1799 – 1848) daughter of Louis, Duke of Württemberg.
Georg (1796 – 1853) Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
- Georg (1796 – 1853) Duke of Saxe-Altenburg. Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle. Knight of the Order of St Hubertus. Joint Grandmaster of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order. Married Marie Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1803 – 1862) daughter of Frederick Louis, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
Ernst I (1826 – 1908) Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
- Ernst I (1826 – 1908) Duke of Saxe-Altenburg. Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle. Knight of the Order of St Hubertus. Joint Grandmaster of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order. Married Agnes of Anhalt-Dessau (1824–1897) daughter of Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Anhalt-Dessau.
Ernst II (1871 – 1955) Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
- Ernst II (1871 – 1955) Duke of Saxe-Altenburg until 1918. Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle. Knight of the Military Order of St. Henry. Joint Grandmaster of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order. Married Princess Adelaide of Schaumburg-Lippe (1875 – 1971) daughter of Prince William of Schaumburg-Lippe.